New DNA evidence for a large-scale Bronze Age migration of the Yamnaya people from southern Russia into Central and Northern Europe. They brought with them genes for lactose tolerance and innovations in material culture.
This evidence also bears on the debate about the early spread of Indo-European languages. Some say it shows that Indo-European languages spread from the Russian steppes to Europe, but another possibility is that there were two waves and two routes of transmission: one from the Near East, through Anatolia, and another via the southern Russian steppe.
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